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he East-West Pipeline, also known as the Petroline, is a 746-mile-long (1,201 km) pipeline in Saudi Arabia that runs from the Abqaiq oil field in the Eastern Province (near Bahrain and Qatar on the Persian Gulf coast) across the width of the Arabian Peninsula, to Yanbu at the Red Sea. It was built during the Iran–Iraq War in the 1980s to allow Saudi oil exports to bypass the tanker war taking place in the Strait of Hormuz.[1]

Pipeline description

The pipeline has two pipes, one 56 inches (142 cm) in diameter and the other, originally for natural gas liquids, 48 inches (122 cm) in diameter.[2][3]

In 2018, they had a capacity of 5 million barrels per day (790,000 m3/d) (BPD)[4] during normal operation. In 2026, its full capacity was 7 million BPD[5] when accompanying natural gas liquids pipelines were converted to carry crude oil.[6] Saudi Aramco’s East-West Pipeline links oil production facilities in the Eastern Province with Yanbu’ on the west coast, providing export flexibility between the kingdom’s east and west coasts.[7][8]

Typically, the pipeline supplies oil to a number of locations: 1 million BPD to 3 refineries in Yanbu (controlled by the Yanbu National Petrochemical Company and Aramco), to the Sumed pipeline in Egypt, and 1.1—1.4 million BPD of Arab Light oil through the King Fahd Industrial Port (Yanbu) with a limit of 3 million BPD.[9][10]

Yanbu port’s two terminals, Yanbu North and Yanbu Sou