The doctrine of General Revelation refers to the idea that God reveals Himself to all people, at all times, and in all places, through nature, human conscience, and the created order. This revelation is considered “general” because it is accessible to all humanity, in contrast to “special revelation,” which is given specifically through Scripture, prophecy, and the person of Jesus Christ. General Revelation is foundational in discussions on natural theology and accountability before God.
Scriptures Supporting General Revelation (with interpretation):
- Psalm 19:1 (KJV) – “The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork.”
Interpretation: Nature itself, especially the heavens, testifies to the existence and majesty of God. This is a key verse supporting general revelation through creation. - Romans 1:20 (KJV) – “For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse.”
Interpretation: God’s eternal power and divine nature are evident in creation, making humanity inexcusable for not acknowledging Him. - Romans 2:14-15 (KJV) – “For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law… their conscience also bearing witness…”
Interpretation: Even without the written Law, human conscience acts as a moral compass, reflecting God’s moral standard. - Acts 14:17 (KJV) – “Nevertheless he left not himself without witness, in that he did good, and gave us rain from heaven, and fruitful seasons…”
Interpretation: God’s goodness in nature and provision is a witness to His existence and benevolence. - Job 12:7-9 (KJV) – “But ask now the beasts, and they shall teach thee… and the fishes of the sea shall declare unto thee… the hand of the Lord hath wrought this.”
Interpretation: All living creatures and the natural world point to God’s creative hand. - Psalm 8:3-4 (KJV) – “When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers… What is man, that thou art mindful of him?”
Interpretation: Observation of creation stirs awareness of God’s greatness and man’s place under Him. - Ecclesiastes 3:11 (KJV) – “He hath made every thing beautiful in his time: also he hath set the world in their heart…”
Interpretation: God instills a sense of eternity and divine order in human hearts, another form of inward revelation. - Isaiah 40:26 (KJV) – “Lift up your eyes on high, and behold who hath created these things…”
Interpretation: Observing the stars and heavens leads one to recognize the Creator.
Scriptures Often Used to Challenge or Limit the Sufficiency of General Revelation (with interpretation):
- Romans 10:14 (KJV) – “How then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed? and how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard?”
Interpretation: Suggests that hearing the Gospel (special revelation) is necessary for salvation, limiting the reach of general revelation. - 1 Corinthians 1:21 (KJV) – “For after that in the wisdom of God the world by wisdom knew not God…”
Interpretation: Worldly wisdom and observation alone do not lead to a true knowledge of God. - Hebrews 1:1-2 (KJV) – “God… hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son…”
Interpretation: God’s ultimate and clearest revelation is in Jesus Christ, implying general revelation is incomplete. - John 14:6 (KJV) – “I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.”
Interpretation: Access to the Father is exclusive through Christ, limiting what general revelation can accomplish salvifically. - 1 Corinthians 2:14 (KJV) – “But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God…”
Interpretation: Human understanding, without the Spirit, cannot grasp God’s truth—thus, conscience or nature alone are insufficient. - Jeremiah 17:9 (KJV) – “The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked…”
Interpretation: Human conscience is flawed due to sin, challenging the reliability of general revelation through conscience. - Ephesians 4:18 (KJV) – “Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God…”
Interpretation: Sin clouds human perception of God, even when He is evident in nature. - John 1:18 (KJV) – “No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son… hath declared him.”
Interpretation: Only through Christ is God fully known, emphasizing the necessity of special revelation.
The Doctrine of General Revelation and Debates Around Hebrew, Greek, and Christian Translations
The doctrine of General Revelation—that God reveals Himself through nature and conscience to all people—naturally intersects with debates around biblical translation. Since Scripture (special revelation) explains and affirms the reality of general revelation, the accuracy and trustworthiness of Scripture in translation becomes essential to theology. Thus, whether in Hebrew (Old Testament), Greek (New Testament), or translated into “Christian” languages (Latin, English, etc.), the precise rendering of God’s Word impacts how general and special revelation are interpreted.
1. The Role of Language in Revelation
Genesis 1:3 (KJV) – “And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.”
Interpretation: God’s revelation begins with speech. Language is the means through which divine truth is made known—both generally and specially.
Romans 10:17 (KJV) – “So then faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God.”
Interpretation: This affirms the need for intelligible and accurate transmission of God’s Word in a form people can understand.
Language, then, is central. Misrenderings, omissions, or errors in translation can alter doctrines, especially those that bridge general and special revelation.
2. Hebrew (Old Testament): Preservation and Challenges
The Hebrew Scriptures (Tanakh) were written primarily in classical Hebrew, with small sections in Aramaic (e.g., parts of Daniel and Ezra).
Psalm 12:6-7 (KJV) – “The words of the Lord are pure words… Thou shalt keep them, O Lord, thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever.”
Interpretation: Supports the doctrine of divine preservation, a key argument for trusting the Hebrew Masoretic Text used in the KJV.
Challenges with Hebrew Manuscripts:
- Masoretic Text (MT): The basis for most Old Testament translations. Compiled between the 7th–10th centuries AD.
- Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS): Found in Qumran (dated from 3rd century BC to 1st century AD). These show variations in some passages compared to the MT (e.g., Isaiah 53 is nearly identical, but Psalm 145:13 adds a missing verse in MT).
- Septuagint (LXX): Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible (3rd–2nd century BC). Sometimes diverges from the MT, leading to questions about which reflects the original more accurately.
Example – Psalm 22:16
- KJV (based on Hebrew MT): “…they pierced my hands and my feet.”
- Some modern translations (based on alternate Hebrew readings): “…like a lion are my hands and my feet.”
- Impact: A messianic prophecy. A small textual difference affects Christological interpretation.
3. Greek (New Testament): Inspiration and Accuracy
The New Testament was written in Koine Greek, the common language of the Roman Empire. It is believed by Christians to be divinely inspired.
2 Timothy 3:16 (KJV) – “All scripture is given by inspiration of God…”
Interpretation: This includes the Greek New Testament. Inspiration applies to the original autographs, which we no longer possess, but rely on preserved copies.
Greek Manuscript Traditions:
- Textus Receptus (TR): The Greek base text for the KJV NT, compiled primarily by Erasmus in the 16th century.
- Critical Text (CT): Modern Greek NTs based on Alexandrian manuscripts (e.g., Codex Vaticanus, Sinaiticus).
- Majority Text (MT): Compiled from the majority of Byzantine manuscripts, similar to TR but not identical.
Key Issues:
- Mark 16:9-20: Included in TR and KJV but omitted or bracketed in many modern Bibles based on CT.
- 1 John 5:7 (Comma Johanneum): “For there are three that bear record in heaven…” Only in TR; absent in most Greek manuscripts. Affects Trinitarian doctrine.
4. Latin and Early Christian Translations
John 19:20 (KJV) – “This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin.”
Interpretation: The tri-language inscription reflects early Christian exposure to and use of multiple languages for revelation.
- Latin Vulgate (4th century AD, Jerome): Became the standard Bible of the Roman Church. Contains slight variations from both Hebrew and Greek texts.
- Issue: Some doctrines (like penance, purgatory, etc.) may be based on interpretive or translational choices in the Vulgate.
5. English Translations and the KJV Debate
Psalm 119:89 (KJV) – “For ever, O Lord, thy word is settled in heaven.”
Interpretation: God’s Word is unchanging, even if translations on earth differ. This forms the foundation for the King James Only movement.
KJV Translation Strengths:
- Based on the Textus Receptus (NT) and Masoretic Text (OT).
- Maintains formal equivalence (“word-for-word”).
- Reverent and consistent rendering of divine names and phrases.
KJV Criticism:
- Based on fewer ancient manuscripts than today’s versions.
- Some archaic words and grammatical structures are misunderstood by modern readers.
Comparison Example – Romans 1:20
- KJV: “…being understood by the things that are made…”
- NIV: “…being understood from what has been made…”
- Impact: Small differences, but the KJV tends to preserve theological terminology more consistently (e.g., “Godhead” vs. “divine nature”).
6. Relationship Between General Revelation and Translation Accuracy
Romans 2:15 (KJV) – “…their conscience also bearing witness…”
Interpretation: The inner moral law (general revelation) complements the written Word (special revelation).
The translation debates affect how this doctrine is perceived:
- If translations distort conscience-related texts, general revelation may be misapplied (e.g., universalism or works-based salvation).
- If translations uphold accurate rendering of sin and divine wrath, they affirm that conscience reveals guilt but not salvation—supporting the need for Christ.
7. Problems and Controversies
- Are Greek translations like the LXX inspired?
- NT writers quote the LXX. Some believe this validates it. Others argue they used it for accessibility, not inspiration.
- Do translation differences affect doctrine?
- Yes. Doctrines such as the Trinity, justification by faith, and prophecy fulfillment are affected by variant readings.
- How should modern readers approach discrepancies?
- With reverence for Scripture’s divine origin, commitment to context, and careful study of manuscript evidence.
Summary
The doctrine of General Revelation asserts that God has made Himself known to all people through nature and conscience. However, the clarity and content of that knowledge are refined and fulfilled in Scripture—special revelation. Therefore, how Scripture is translated, from Hebrew and Greek into modern languages, directly affects one’s understanding of both general and special revelation.
The Hebrew Masoretic Text and Greek Textus Receptus form the basis of the King James Version, which has shaped Christian doctrine for centuries. However, variations in ancient manuscripts and the rise of modern critical texts have raised questions about textual reliability and theological clarity.
General Revelation cannot contradict Special Revelation. Therefore, accurate translations are necessary to ensure that the witness of nature and conscience aligns with the revealed truths of salvation through Christ. Though language and culture evolve, the truth of God remains “settled in heaven” (Psalm 119:89 KJV), and through faithful study, believers can discern His voice in both creation and Scripture.
Doctrine of General Revelation and Translation Debates Across Denominations
1. Roman Catholic Church
View on General Revelation
The Roman Catholic Church acknowledges General Revelation through nature and conscience, teaching that God’s existence is made known universally. However, they assert that salvation requires Special Revelation through the Church’s interpretation of Scripture and Sacred Tradition.
Debates on Hebrew, Greek, and Christian Translations
- For the Use of Translations: The Roman Catholic Church has traditionally used the Latin Vulgate, emphasizing its authority, especially in matters of faith and practice. The Dei Verbum of the Second Vatican Council advocates for the use of the original Hebrew and Greek texts, provided they are properly translated and understood.
- Against the Use of Translations: The Catholic Church warns against reliance on translations that deviate from the Latin Vulgate, particularly modern translations which may reflect Protestant theological biases.
Key Scripture Example:
- Matthew 16:18 (KJV):“And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church…”
- Greek Word Analysis: The Greek word petros (stone) is significant in Catholic theology, where petros (a small stone) contrasts with petra (a large rock). Catholics interpret petra as referring to Peter, affirming his role as the foundation of the Church, while some Protestants argue that petra refers to Christ.
2. Eastern Orthodox Church
View on General Revelation
The Eastern Orthodox Church accepts General Revelation through nature and conscience, which provides knowledge of God’s existence and justice. However, they emphasize that salvation is found only through the Church, the sacraments, and the full revelation of God through Christ.
Debates on Hebrew, Greek, and Christian Translations
- For the Use of Translations: The Eastern Orthodox Church prefers the Septuagint (LXX) as the authoritative Greek Old Testament translation.
- Against the Use of Translations: The Church upholds that Scripture should not be interpreted in isolation from the Church’s Tradition, which includes the early Church Fathers and councils.
Key Scripture Example:
- John 1:1 (KJV):“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.”
- Greek Word Analysis: The term logos (Word) in Greek refers not just to “word” but to “reason” or “principle.” The Orthodox Church emphasizes that Christ is the eternal logos, a divine person, affirming both His pre-existence and divinity.
3. Evangelical
View on General Revelation
Evangelicals affirm General Revelation as a means for all humanity to be aware of God’s existence and attributes. However, they emphasize that while General Revelation is sufficient to make people accountable, salvation requires Special Revelation through faith in Christ, found only in the Bible.
Debates on Hebrew, Greek, and Christian Translations
- For the Use of Translations: Evangelicals support translations that are faithful to the original Hebrew and Greek, like the KJV, ESV, and NASB.
- Against the Use of Translations: Some Evangelicals argue that modern translations may obscure the meaning of critical theological terms (e.g., “justification” or “sanctification”).
Key Scripture Example:
- Romans 1:20 (KJV):“For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse.”
- Greek Word Analysis: The term theiotes (Godhead) signifies the divine essence or nature of God. Evangelicals argue that this passage affirms God’s eternal power and divine nature revealed in creation, making humanity accountable.
4. Protestant (General)
View on General Revelation
Protestants generally agree that General Revelation makes humanity aware of God’s existence but emphasize that it is insufficient for salvation. Only Special Revelation, revealed in Scripture, is the means for salvation.
Debates on Hebrew, Greek, and Christian Translations
- For the Use of Translations: Many Protestant denominations prioritize translations like the KJV, ESV, and NASB, advocating for precision in rendering the original languages.
- Against the Use of Translations: There is concern that some translations, like the NIV, are too dynamic in their equivalence, potentially diluting doctrinal clarity.
Key Scripture Example:
- Psalm 19:1 (KJV):“The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork.”
- Hebrew Word Analysis: The Hebrew word raqia (firmament) refers to the expanse or sky. Protestants highlight that creation itself testifies to God’s glory and is a form of General Revelation that all people can recognize.
5. Baptist (Southern Baptist, Independent Baptist, etc.)
View on General Revelation
Baptists believe that General Revelation is a valid testimony to God’s existence, but they stress that it is insufficient for salvation. Only through faith in Christ and understanding of Scripture can one be saved.
Debates on Hebrew, Greek, and Christian Translations
- For the Use of Translations: Many Baptists favor the KJV for its doctrinal precision and use of the Textus Receptus.
- Against the Use of Translations: Some Baptists argue against modern translations like the NIV, claiming that they sometimes compromise doctrinal integrity (e.g., diminishing the clear message of salvation by faith).
Key Scripture Example:
- Romans 2:15 (KJV):“Which shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness…”
- Greek Word Analysis: The Greek word suneidesis (conscience) refers to the inner awareness of right and wrong. Baptists argue that this reflects God’s moral law, imprinted on every human, leaving all without excuse before God.
6. Methodist (United Methodist, AME, etc.)
View on General Revelation
Methodists agree that General Revelation reveals God’s existence, but they emphasize that the ultimate revelation is through Jesus Christ and the Gospel. They see General Revelation as preparing the heart for the message of salvation.
Debates on Hebrew, Greek, and Christian Translations
- For the Use of Translations: The United Methodist Church generally favors translations like the NIV or NRSV but acknowledges the importance of the original Greek and Hebrew texts.
- Against the Use of Translations: Some Methodists critique translations that use gender-neutral language, arguing it can obscure the intended meaning of Scripture.
Key Scripture Example:
- Acts 14:17 (KJV):“Nevertheless he left not himself without witness, in that he did good, and gave us rain from heaven, and fruitful seasons…”
- Greek Word Analysis: The Greek word marturion (witness) emphasizes that God continuously reveals His goodness through nature, offering testimony to His existence and character to all people.
7. Lutheran (Missouri Synod, ELCA, etc.)
View on General Revelation
Lutherans acknowledge that General Revelation reveals God’s power and justice. However, they stress that salvation requires Special Revelation through the Gospel, which is communicated through Scripture and the Church.
Debates on Hebrew, Greek, and Christian Translations
- For the Use of Translations: Many Lutherans use the KJV, ESV, and NRSV, depending on tradition, but always advocate for translations that remain true to the original languages.
- Against the Use of Translations: Some conservative Lutherans argue against modern translations that may downplay theological concepts or shift doctrinal meanings.
Key Scripture Example:
- Romans 1:20 (KJV):“For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen…”
- Greek Word Analysis: Katalambano (clearly seen) means “to grasp” or “to take hold of.” This word emphasizes that God’s existence and power are not just observable but can be clearly understood by all, rendering humanity without excuse.
8. Pentecostal (Assemblies of God, UPCI, etc.)
View on General Revelation
Pentecostals accept General Revelation but emphasize that it is not sufficient for salvation. They assert that only through the full revelation of the Holy Spirit and the Gospel can one be saved.
Debates on Hebrew, Greek, and Christian Translations
- For the Use of Translations: Pentecostals often use translations like the KJV and NIV, with an emphasis on the Holy Spirit’s work in guiding individuals to understanding Scripture.
- Against the Use of Translations: Pentecostals are cautious about translations that lack the spiritual depth or theological richness of traditional translations.
Key Scripture Example:
- John 14:17 (KJV):“Even the Spirit of truth; whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth him not, neither knoweth him…”
- Greek Word Analysis: Pneuma (Spirit) refers to the Holy Spirit. Pentecostals emphasize the personal work of the Holy Spirit in revealing God’s truth, which is an important aspect of the experiential knowledge of God, beyond General Revelation.
9. Jehovah’s Witnesses
View on General Revelation
Jehovah’s Witnesses acknowledge that God reveals Himself through creation, but they teach that salvation is only through knowledge of Jehovah’s Kingdom as revealed through the Watchtower Society’s interpretations of the Bible.
Debates on Hebrew, Greek, and Christian Translations
- For the Use of Translations: Jehovah’s Witnesses primarily use their New World Translation, which they believe is an accurate reflection of the original languages.
- Against the Use of Translations: They reject translations like the KJV, claiming that certain doctrines, particularly those related to the Trinity, are misrepresented.
Key Scripture Example:
- John 1:1 (KJV):“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.”
- Greek Word Analysis: The Witnesses translate “ho logos” differently to affirm that the “Word” (Jesus) was “a god” but not God Himself, which stands in contrast to mainstream Christian interpretation of the text.
10. Mormonism (LDS Church)
View on General Revelation
Mormonism teaches that God has revealed Himself through various means, including creation, but places significant emphasis on ongoing revelation through modern prophets, which supersedes General Revelation.
Debates on Hebrew, Greek, and Christian Translations
- For the Use of Translations: The LDS Church uses the King James Version of the Bible, but also adds the Book of Mormon as additional scripture that provides further clarity.
- Against the Use of Translations: Mormons claim that traditional Christian translations do not adequately convey the fullness of God’s revelation, particularly in the areas of Christ’s divinity and salvation.
Key Scripture Example:
- 2 Nephi 2:25 (Book of Mormon):“Adam fell that men might be; and men are, that they might have joy.”
- Interpretation: This verse highlights the LDS teaching that Adam’s fall was necessary for the progression of humanity. This doctrine contrasts with traditional Christian views on original sin.
11. Seventh-day Adventist
View on General Revelation
Seventh-day Adventists acknowledge General Revelation and argue that it points to God’s creation and moral law, which are essential for understanding divine justice.
Debates on Hebrew, Greek, and Christian Translations
- For the Use of Translations: The Adventist Church uses the KJV but is open to other translations as long as they maintain doctrinal accuracy.
- Against the Use of Translations: They argue that some modern translations obscure doctrinal teachings on topics like the Sabbath and the role of Christ in salvation.
Key Scripture Example:
- Romans 1:20 (KJV):“For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen…”
- Greek Word Analysis: Katalambano (clearly seen) affirms the Adventist understanding that God’s law and character are visible in creation, particularly through the Sabbath and the natural order.
Summary
Across Christian denominations, there is broad agreement that General Revelation—through creation, conscience, and nature—points to the existence and attributes of God. However, it is considered insufficient for salvation, which requires Special Revelation found in the Gospel and Scripture. Theological debates often center on how translations of the Bible interpret key words in Hebrew and Greek, especially in relation to Christ’s divinity, salvation, and moral law. Different denominations have their distinct preferences for translations based on their doctrinal positions, with some advocating for traditional translations like the KJV while others use modern translations, but all agree that faithful interpretation of Scripture is crucial for understanding God’s revelation.
Conclusion
In examining the views on General Revelation and the debates surrounding translations in various Christian denominations, it is clear that there is a wide range of perspectives on how Scripture should be understood and translated. Most denominations agree that General Revelation, seen in nature, conscience, and the universe, points to the existence and power of God. However, each tradition emphasizes that General Revelation alone is not sufficient for salvation and that Special Revelation through Scripture, interpreted by the Church, is necessary for salvation.
Differences emerge in how each denomination approaches the authority of Scripture, the use of translations, and the theological implications of key words in the Hebrew and Greek texts. Some denominations prioritize the KJV and the traditional understanding of the Bible, while others prefer modern translations for clarity and accessibility. These varying views reflect the broader theological differences between these groups, especially concerning doctrines like salvation, the role of the Church, and the understanding of divine revelation.
Summary Table
| Denomination | View | Scripture Basis (For) | Argument Against | Scripture Basis (Against) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roman Catholic Church | Acknowledges General Revelation but emphasizes Special Revelation through Church Tradition. | Romans 1:20 (KJV): “For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen…” | Rejects translations that deviate from the Latin Vulgate. | 2 Timothy 3:16 (KJV): “All scripture is given by inspiration of God…” (favoring Tradition) |
| Eastern Orthodox Church | Accepts General Revelation, but salvation requires Special Revelation through Christ and the Church. | John 1:1 (KJV): “In the beginning was the Word…” | Prefers the Septuagint over modern translations. | Matthew 28:19 (KJV): “Go ye therefore, and teach all nations…” (clarifying the Church’s role) |
| Evangelical | General Revelation reveals God’s power, but salvation requires faith in Christ. | Romans 1:20 (KJV): “For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen…” | Argues against the use of translations that deviate from the original Greek and Hebrew texts. | 2 Peter 1:20-21 (KJV): “Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private interpretation.” (Scripture must be properly understood) |
| Protestant (General) | General Revelation makes people accountable, but salvation is through Scripture. | Psalm 19:1 (KJV): “The heavens declare the glory of God…” | Concern that modern translations may alter core theological concepts. | Revelation 22:18-19 (KJV): “If any man shall add unto these things…” (concern over translation errors) |
| Baptist (Southern, Independent) | General Revelation shows God’s existence, but salvation is only through Christ. | Romans 2:15 (KJV): “Which shew the work of the law written in their hearts…” | Modern translations may obscure doctrine. | Matthew 5:18 (KJV): “For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law…” |
| Methodist | Affirms General Revelation, but salvation comes through faith in Christ. | Acts 14:17 (KJV): “Nevertheless he left not himself without witness…” | Disagreement over gender-neutral language in translations. | 2 Timothy 3:16 (KJV): “All scripture is given by inspiration of God…” (scripture must be preserved) |
| Lutheran | Acknowledges General Revelation, but emphasizes salvation through the Gospel. | Romans 1:20 (KJV): “For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen…” | Disagreement over modern translations that may dilute the Gospel message. | Galatians 1:8-9 (KJV): “But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed.” |
| Pentecostal | General Revelation is valid but incomplete without the Holy Spirit’s revelation. | John 14:17 (KJV): “Even the Spirit of truth…” | Caution against translations that lack spiritual depth. | John 16:13 (KJV): “Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth.” (importance of Holy Spirit) |
| Jehovah’s Witnesses | Acknowledges General Revelation, but emphasizes understanding through the Watchtower’s teachings. | John 1:1 (KJV): “In the beginning was the Word…” (translated as “a god”) | Rejection of translations that support the traditional Christian view of the Trinity. | 1 John 5:7 (KJV): “For there are three that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost: and these three are one.” |
| Mormonism (LDS) | Claims that General Revelation is insufficient; modern revelation is required. | 2 Nephi 2:25 (Book of Mormon): “Adam fell that men might be…” | Criticism of traditional Christian translations for missing fuller divine truths. | Revelation 22:18-19 (KJV): “If any man shall add unto these things…” (concerns about added scriptures like the Book of Mormon) |
| Seventh-day Adventist | Recognizes General Revelation, especially through nature and the Sabbath. | Romans 1:20 (KJV): “For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen…” | Concern over translations that obscure Sabbath theology. | Exodus 20:8-11 (KJV): “Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy…” (Sabbath observance) |
Summary
This analysis highlights the diversity in denominational views regarding General Revelation and the authority of different Bible translations. All denominations recognize General Revelation as revealing God’s existence and attributes, yet they differ on the sufficiency of this revelation for salvation. They also emphasize that Special Revelation through Scripture, interpreted within the context of their tradition, is essential for salvation.
The use of translations is a key point of contention. Denominations like the Roman Catholic Church, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and Mormons argue for their unique versions of Scripture (Latin Vulgate, New World Translation, and Book of Mormon, respectively), while others, like Evangelicals, Baptists, and Protestants, advocate for translations that remain faithful to the original Hebrew and Greek texts, such as the KJV. The debates around translation stem from the desire to preserve doctrinal accuracy, with particular attention to words that have theological implications, such as logos (Word) in John 1:1 or pneuma (Spirit) in John 14:17.
Ultimately, each denomination seeks to uphold what it believes is the most faithful and accurate rendering of God’s Word, while recognizing that General Revelation, though valuable, cannot provide the full understanding required for salvation.